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Wednesday, October 24, 2007

Virtual Key Codes

Windows defines special constants for each key the user can press. The virtual-key codes identify various virtual keys. These constants can then be used to refer to the keystroke when using Delphi and Windows API calls or in an OnKeyUp or OnKeyDown event handler. Virtual keys mainly consist of actual keyboard keys, but also include "virtual" elements such as the three mouse buttons. Delphi defines all constants for Windows virtual key codes in the Windows unit.

Here are some of the Delphi articles that deal with the keyboard and VK codes:
· Keyboard Symphony
Delphi For Beginners: Get familiar with the OnKeyDown, OnKeyUp, and onKeyPress event procedures to respond to various key actions or handle and process ASCII characters along with other special purpose keys.
· How to Translate a Virtual Key Code to a Character
Windows defines special constants for each key the user can press. The virtual-key codes identify various virtual keys. In Delphi, the OnKeyDown and OnKeyUp events provide the lowest level of keyboard response. To use OnKeyDown or OnKeyUp to test for keys the user presses, you must use Virtual key codes to get the key pressed. Here's how to translate the virtual key code to the corresponding Windows character.
· Touch Me - I'm Untouchable
Intercepting keyboard input for controls that cannot receive the input focus. Working with keyboard hooks from Delphi.
· ENTERing TAB
Using the Enter key like a Tab key with Delphi controls.
· Abort a Loop by Pressing a Key
Use the VK_ESCAPE to abort a (for) loop.
· Use Arrow Keys to Move Between Controls
The UP and DOWN arrow keys are virtually useless in edit controls. So why not use them for navigating between fields.
· Shift, Ctrl, Alt Key Checking
Using virtual key codes to check the key state.
· Simulating keystrokes from code
A handy function to simulate the pressing of keyboard keys.

The following table shows the symbolic constant names, hexadecimal values, and keyboard equivalents for the virtual-key codes used by Windows. Some Windows 2000 and OEM specific constants are missing, the entire list is available from Microsoft. The codes are listed in numerical order.

Symbolic
constant name
Value
(hexadecimal)
Keyboard (or mouse) equivalent
VK_LBUTTON 01 Left mouse button
VK_RBUTTON 02 Right mouse button
VK_CANCEL 03 Control-break processing
VK_MBUTTON 04 Middle mouse button (three-button mouse)
VK_BACK 08 BACKSPACE key
VK_TAB 09 TAB key
VK_CLEAR 0C CLEAR key
VK_RETURN 0D ENTER key
VK_SHIFT 10 SHIFT key
VK_CONTROL 11 CTRL key
VK_MENU 12 ALT key
VK_PAUSE 13 PAUSE key
VK_CAPITAL 14 CAPS LOCK key
VK_ESCAPE 1B ESC key
VK_SPACE 20 SPACEBAR
VK_PRIOR 21 PAGE UP key
VK_NEXT 22 PAGE DOWN key
VK_END 23 END key
VK_HOME 24 HOME key
VK_LEFT 25 LEFT ARROW key
VK_UP 26 UP ARROW key
VK_RIGHT 27 RIGHT ARROW key
VK_DOWN 28 DOWN ARROW key
VK_SELECT 29 SELECT key
VK_PRINT 2A PRINT key
VK_EXECUTE 2B EXECUTE key
VK_SNAPSHOT 2C PRINT SCREEN key
VK_INSERT 2D INS key
VK_DELETE 2E DEL key
VK_HELP 2F HELP key

30 0 key

31 1 key

32 2 key

33 3 key

34 4 key

35 5 key

36 6 key

37 7 key

38 8 key

39 9 key

41 A key

42 B key

43 C key

44 D key

45 E key

46 F key

47 G key

48 H key

49 I key

4A J key

4B K key

4C L key

4D M key

4E N key

4F O key

50 P key

51 Q key

52 R key

53 S key

54 T key

55 U key

56 V key

57 W key

58 X key

59 Y key

5A Z key
VK_NUMPAD0 60 Numeric keypad 0 key
VK_NUMPAD1 61 Numeric keypad 1 key
VK_NUMPAD2 62 Numeric keypad 2 key
VK_NUMPAD3 63 Numeric keypad 3 key
VK_NUMPAD4 64 Numeric keypad 4 key
VK_NUMPAD5 65 Numeric keypad 5 key
VK_NUMPAD6 66 Numeric keypad 6 key
VK_NUMPAD7 67 Numeric keypad 7 key
VK_NUMPAD8 68 Numeric keypad 8 key
VK_NUMPAD9 69 Numeric keypad 9 key
VK_SEPARATOR 6C Separator key
VK_SUBTRACT 6D Subtract key
VK_DECIMAL 6E Decimal key
VK_DIVIDE 6F Divide key
VK_F1 70 F1 key
VK_F2 71 F2 key
VK_F3 72 F3 key
VK_F4 73 F4 key
VK_F5 74 F5 key
VK_F6 75 F6 key
VK_F7 76 F7 key
VK_F8 77 F8 key
VK_F9 78 F9 key
VK_F10 79 F10 key
VK_F11 7A F11 key
VK_F12 7B F12 key
VK_F13 7C F13 key
VK_F14 7D F14 key
VK_F15 7E F15 key
VK_F16 7F F16 key
VK_F17 80H F17 key
VK_F18 81H F18 key
VK_F19 82H F19 key
VK_F20 83H F20 key
VK_F21 84H F21 key
VK_F22 85H F22 key
VK_F23 86H F23 key
VK_F24 87H F24 key
VK_NUMLOCK 90 NUM LOCK key
VK_SCROLL 91 SCROLL LOCK key
VK_LSHIFT A0 Left SHIFT key
VK_RSHIFT A1 Right SHIFT key
VK_LCONTROL A2 Left CONTROL key
VK_RCONTROL A3 Right CONTROL key
VK_LMENU A4 Left MENU key
VK_RMENU A5 Right MENU key
VK_PLAY FA Play key
VK_ZOOM FB Zoom key

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